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Cardamine flexuosa

With. (1796)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Brassicales Family: Brassicaceae Genus: Cardamine

bittercress

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Annual or biennial herbs, glabrous to sparsely hirsute with simple hairs.

Stems: Stems flexuous, ascending to weakly erect, 1–3 dm long, ± sparsely hirsute to subglabrate.

Roots: Sometimes rhizomatous or stoloniferous.

Leaves: Leaves compound (odd-pinnate). Alternate, basal and usually cauline. Blades oddly–pinnately compound with 3–11 leaflets, basal leaves usually with more leaflets than cauline leaves, the leaflets ovate to reniform, rarely lanceolate, blades of lateral leaflets 2–10 mm long, 1.5–15 mm wide, 3–5–lobed, the terminal leaflet usually larger, 5–15(–25) mm long, 6–17 mm wide, usually lobed similar to lateral leaflets. Apex apiculate. Surfaces sparsely hirsute to subglabrous; blades thin. Leaflet margins repand, crenate, or 3 or 5-lobed. Veins evident. Petiolate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in 1 to several racemes 10–20 cm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic or rarely slightly irregular. Calyx of 4 sepals, deciduous, erect, usually oblong, sometimes the inner 2 with gibbous bases that hold the nectar. Corolla of 4 petals, white, 2.5–3 mm long, not exceeding the sepals. Stamens usually 6, usually divaricately ascending. Ovary superior, 2(4?)-carpellate, usually 2-celled by means of a false, but usually complete septum, rarely 1-celled, sessile or rarely stipitate; ovules 1 to numerous, borne on parietal placentas on replum margin at periphery of ovary wall, campylotropous or occasionally anatropous; style 1 or occasionally absent; stigma capitate or rarely decurrent, entire or 2-lobed.

Fruit: Linear silique; erect; slightly compressed parallel to the septum; the valves opening elastically from base; rolling up after dehiscence; the septum margin extending partially over the valvular area; siliques (1–)1.4–2(–2.5) cm long. Seeds in a single series per cell; plump; longer than wide; wingless; 8–14 per cell; reddish brown; broadly oblong; 0.9–1.1 mm long.

Ploidy: 2n = 30; 32

Habitat: Naturalized in wet to seasonally wet sites in low elevation; disturbed areas to open or shaded areas at higher elevations in wet forest; especially in gulches or streambeds.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Synonyms (33)

Cardamine drymeja Schur (1866)
Cardamine duraniensis Revel ex Des Moul. (1855)
Cardamine fallax var. glabra Nakai (1952)
Cardamine flexuosa f. grandiflora O.E.Schulz (1903)
Cardamine flexuosa f. heterophylla Matsum. (1899)
Cardamine flexuosa f. macrocarpa Matsum. (1899)
Cardamine flexuosa f. pusilla (Schur) O.E.Schulz (1903)
Cardamine flexuosa f. umbrosa (Gren. & Godr.) O.E. Schulz (1848)
Cardamine flexuosa var. bracteata O.E.Schulz (1903)
Cardamine flexuosa var. gracilipes O.E.Schulz ex O.C.Schmidt (1933)
Cardamine flexuosa var. haleakalensis O.E.Schulz (1903)
Cardamine flexuosa var. interrupta Čelak. (1875)
Cardamine flexuosa var. ovatifolia T.Y.Cheo & R.C.Fang (1980)
Cardamine flexuosa var. petiolulata O.E.Schulz (1903)
Cardamine flexuosa var. umbrosa (Gren. & Godr.) Cout. (1939)
Cardamine hirsuta (Misapplied)
Cardamine hirsuta proles flexuosa (With.) Samp. (1914)
Cardamine hirsuta proles rigida Rouy & Foucaud (1893)
Cardamine hirsuta proles sylvatica (Link) Samp. (1913)
Cardamine hirsuta subsp. flexuosa (With.) Hook.f. (1870)
Cardamine hirsuta subsp. sylvatica (Link) Syme (1863)
Cardamine hirsuta var. flexuosa (With.) Hook.f. & T.Anderson (1872)
Cardamine hirsuta var. omeiensis T.Y.Cheo & R.C.Fang (1980)
Cardamine hirsuta var. silvestris Fr. (1828)
Cardamine hirsuta var. sylvatica (Link) Gaudin (1829)
Cardamine konaensis H.St.John (1945)
Cardamine muscosa Vahl ex DC. (1821)
Cardamine pusilla Schur (1866)
Cardamine scutata subsp. flexuosa (With.) H.Hara (1952)
Cardamine setigera Tausch (1836)
Cardamine sylvatica Link (1803)
Cardamine sylvatica f. nudicaulis Merino (1897)
Cardamine sylvatica proles umbrosa Gren. & Godr. (1848)

Uses and Culture

USES

  • Yes

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Arr. Brit. Pl. ed. 3, 3: 578 (1796)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:402 (K, O, M, H); Hughes 1995:2 (Mo); Oppenheimer 2003:8 (L)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cardamine flexuosa With. Keanae. Along unimproved road mauka of Hana Hwy., vicinity of Waiokamilo Stream. Metrosideros/Dicranopteris wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H60073 Maui PTBG 6/18/2000
2 Cardamine flexuosa With. Along road in residential area above Hulupoe Bay. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H40130 Lanai PTBG 4/15/2001
3 Cardamine flexuosa With. S. Kona, Honaunau Forest Reserve, Kealakekua Ranch. Closed Acacia-Metrosideros forest, mixed native understory. On a`a. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Carolyn Corn ESP-159 Hawaii PTBG 3/27/1980
4 Cardamine flexuosa With. at volcano dump PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner, s. w. miller, t. w. flynn & r. gustafson 5270 Hawaii US 2/28/1984
5 Cardamine flexuosa With. pu`u hualalai, pu`uwa`awa`a PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. st. john, j. w. coulter & e. hashimoto 11391 Hawaii US 12/29/1931
6 Cardamine flexuosa With. hanalei district, kokee state park. dofaw nursery, lawn area around greenhouse PRESERVED_SPECIMEN t. w. flynn, g. kawakami & k. rosenberger 6784 Kauai US 3/7/2001
7 Cardamine flexuosa With. haleakala crater PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 14991 Maui US 10/2/1916
8 Cardamine flexuosa With. kokee PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. plews s.n. Kauai US 3/10/1979
9 Cardamine flexuosa With. sw of hana PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & h. wiebke 2305 Oahu US 6/12/1927
10 Cardamine flexuosa With. kokee PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 64375 Kauai US 4/1/1984
11 Cardamine flexuosa With. South Hilo District, Kulani Project PRESERVED_SPECIMEN J. Davis 469 Hawaii US 2/26/1980
12 Cardamine flexuosa With. e. maui, haiku uka, waikamoi stream Steep, moist bank, edge of thicket PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. st. john 20357 Maui US 8/4/1943
13 Cardamine flexuosa With. hanalei ridge, taro field along hwy. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner & d. h. lorence 5999 Kauai US 3/31/1988
14 Cardamine flexuosa With. limahuli valley, pacific tropical botanical garden. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 59501 Kauai US 3/4/1980
15 Cardamine flexuosa With. kukaiau ranch, e slopes of mauna kea in maulua area PRESERVED_SPECIMEN p. rubtzoff 2671 Hawaii US 7/14/1956
16 Cardamine flexuosa With. kona, woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. mann & w. t. brigham 311 Oahu US
17 Cardamine flexuosa With. south hilo district, kulani project PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. davis 469 Hawaii US 2/26/1980
18 Cardamine flexuosa With. puna district, land of olaa, volcano transfer dump. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & s. ishikawa 5600 Hawaii US 12/16/1975
19 Cardamine flexuosa With. w maui, iao valley in a narrow gulch bottom east of nakalaloa stream Volcanic soil. Native Koa forests. Tropical Pacific Ocean drainage. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 1860 WCW 10/15/1983
20 Cardamine flexuosa With. puna district. olaa forest reserve kulani trail Wet shaded side of trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 25004 Hawaii BISH 1/28/1953
21 Cardamine flexuosa With. north hilo district: keanakolu; humuula; hilo forest reserve moistgulch in Koa Forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. baldwin, p.; catto, r.j.; longley, p. collector number: 18589 Hawaii BISH 12/30/1937
22 Cardamine flexuosa With. S.Hilo district, Kulani Project Patches of 10 to 200 occasionally encountered in this area, sometimes growing in standing water. Closed Metrosideros forest with Cibotium, Coprosma, Myoporum, Styphelia and Clermontia montis-loa understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. 469 Hawaii BISH 2/26/1980
23 Cardamine flexuosa With. kau district, kilauea forest reserve Growing on muddy ground churned by pigs in a closed Acacia koa - Metrosideros Cibotium forest. Several plants encountered in only one locality. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cuddihy, l.w. state esp team collector number: 291 Hawaii BISH 2/26/1980
24 Cardamine flexuosa With. waiahole-waikane valley, near head of uwau steam, growing by an irrigation tunnel PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takeuchi, w.n. et al. collector number: 1867 Oahu BISH 12/2/1984
25 Cardamine flexuosa With. Kau Forest Reserve, Kau District Growing in damp soil beneath Athyrium sandwichianum and Amauropelta globulifera in open `ohi`a-koa-hapu`u forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. 937 Hawaii BISH 11/18/1981
26 Cardamine flexuosa With. Mt. Kaala, roadside near the 1st installation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. 2090 Oahu BISH 2/16/1985
27 Cardamine flexuosa With. lahaina - ravine back of PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 14869 Maui US 9/29/1916
28 Cardamine flexuosa With. East Maui, Ainahou, Koolau Gap Near waterfall at base in muddy damp area; somewhat dark. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Medeiros, A.C. 470 Maui BISH 7/22/1983
29 Cardamine flexuosa With. Around base of palms near gate. Abundant where soil is frequently bared Wet PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Baker, R.F. 79 Oahu BISH 4/25/1975
30 Cardamine flexuosa With. Makanalua Drainage; above old dam In mesic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hughes, G.D. s.n. Molokai BISH 4/25/1992
31 Cardamine flexuosa With. kahului, baseyard, maui in humid greenhouse. a prolific weed in the forestry green houses PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 952 Maui BISH 11/4/1980
32 Cardamine flexuosa With. Puu Hualalai, Puuwaawaa Moist woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 11391 Hawaii BISH 12/29/1931
33 Cardamine flexuosa With. s.hilo district, kulani project PRESERVED_SPECIMEN davis, j. collector number: 469 Hawaii BISH 2/26/1980
34 Cardamine flexuosa With. Koa Mill, Alika homesteads, S. Kona Dist In moist shaded lava tube. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 22483 Hawaii BISH 12/30/1946
35 Cardamine flexuosa With. Woods of Kona Hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hillebrand, W.B. s.n. Hawaii BISH
36 Cardamine flexuosa With. Honolulu: Manoa Valley; University of Hawaii Manoa Campus, Mauka Field Laboratory. (Dept. of Agronomy and Soils.) A weed growing in a greenhouse under the plant benches in areas frequently sprayed by a sprinkler. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lau, J. 1526 Oahu BISH 10/16/1985
37 Cardamine flexuosa With. Koolau Gap, S east coast Low growing on wet ground in the shade of ferns and grass, in an open area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 1616 Maui BISH 6/12/1970
38 Cardamine flexuosa With. east maui, haiku uka, waikamoi steram, steep moist ban, edge of thicket All plants from one colony, varying from sun to shade. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 20357 Maui BISH 8/4/1943
39 Cardamine flexuosa With. upper lawn makai. around base of palms near gate. abundant where soil is frequently bared Wet PRESERVED_SPECIMEN baker, r.f. collector number: 79 Oahu BISH 4/25/1975
40 Cardamine flexuosa With. Waiahole-Waikane Valley, near head of Uwau Steam, growing by an irrigation tunnel PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. 1867 Oahu BISH 12/2/1984
41 Cardamine flexuosa With. keauhou ranch, kau district, near puu oo trail Growing on floor of closed Metrosideros forest near Pu`u O`o Trail. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cuddihy, l.w. collector number: 560 Hawaii BISH 9/12/1980
42 Cardamine flexuosa With. south kona, honaunau forest reserve, near kealakekua ranch On rocky silt, `a`a, in dense shade with ferns and Cyrtandra. Closed Acacia - Metrosideros forest, mixed native understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN davis, j. state esp team collector number: 253 Hawaii BISH 3/27/1980
43 Cardamine flexuosa With. Woods, Kona, Hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Mann, H. 311 Hawaii BISH 2/6/1905
44 Cardamine flexuosa With. haleakala, koolau gap Rain Forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wilbur, r.l. webster, g.l. collector number: 955 Maui BISH 7/2/1948
45 Cardamine flexuosa With. Keanae Gap PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1000.M Maui BISH 8/2/1919
46 Cardamine flexuosa With. s.kona, honaunau forest reserve, kealakakua ranch Fairly common, growing on `a`a with ferns and Cyrtandra. Closed Acacia-Metrosideros forest, mixed native understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN corn, c. collector number: esp 159 Hawaii BISH 3/27/1980
47 Cardamine flexuosa With. east maui, makawao district, kalialinui ahu, tr5(5), n slope of haleakala, gulch e of transect above west wailuaiki stream Wet 'ohi'a forest with other native trees and anative shrub, matted-fern understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN higashino, p.k. holt, r.a. collector number: 9037 Maui BISH 5/31/1980
48 Cardamine flexuosa With. makanalua drainage; above old dam on trunk of Cheirodendron PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hughes, g.d. collector number: s.n. Maui BISH 4/25/1992
49 Cardamine flexuosa With. S.Hilo district, Kulani Project Patches of 10 to 200 occasionally encountered in this area, sometimes growing in standing water. Closed Metrosideros forest with Cibotium, Coprosma, Myoporum, Styphelia and Clermontia montis-loa understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. Collector Number: 469 Hawaii BISH 2/26/1980
50 Cardamine flexuosa With. central maui, kahului, growing abundantly about the forestry nursery in damp ground PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 1874 Maui BISH 12/20/1983
51 Cardamine flexuosa With. east maui, makawao district, haiku uka, waikamoi stream, steep, moist bank, edge of thicket PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 20357 Kauai BISH 8/4/1943
52 Cardamine flexuosa With. east maui, hana district, keanae ahu, tr 5(14), along w fork of wailuaiki stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN higashino, p.k. holt, r.a. collector number: 9052 Oahu BISH 5/31/1980
53 Cardamine flexuosa With. at volcano dump PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. mill, s.w.; flynn, t.; gustafson, r. collector number: 5270 Hawaii BISH 2/2/1984
54 Cardamine flexuosa With. Rare, along inner crater walls of Puu Ahumoa. District of Hamakua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 2441 Hawaii BISH 4/6/1982
55 Cardamine flexuosa With. North Hilo District. Laupahoehoe AHU. Trail 17(30); East slope of Mauna Kea; makai of Keanakolu Rd.; on ridge S. Haako St Mesic koa-'ohi'a forest wth other native trees and a native fern and shrub understory. Growing in drained mudhole w/rush sedge. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 1538 Hawaii BISH 11/17/1977
56 Cardamine flexuosa With. hanalei national wildlife refuge, kauai, hawaii Growing on wet bank between taro fields. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN crago, l.m. imada, c.; zaun, b. collector number: 2005-150 Kauai BISH 8/2/2005
57 Cardamine flexuosa With. Kilauea Forest Reserve, Kau District Growing on muddy ground churned by pigs in closed Acacia koa - Metrosideros - Cibotium forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. 219 Hawaii BISH 2/26/1980
58 Cardamine flexuosa With. Collapsed lava tube, Powerline Road off Saddle Road, near pole 27 Growing inside lava tube, within 10 ft of entrance. Assoc. with moss, liverworts, Peperomia cookiana, Carex macloviana, small Cibotium glaucum, Dryopteris paleacea, and Lythrum maritimum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. Collector Number: 915 Hawaii BISH 9/9/1982
59 Cardamine flexuosa With. South Kona, Honaunau Forest Reserve, Kealakekua Ranch Growing on `a`a with ferns and Cyrtandra. Closed Acacia - Metrosideros forest, mixed native understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Corn, C. ESP 159 Hawaii BISH 3/27/1980
60 Cardamine flexuosa With. Southwest flank of Mauna Loa, in the ahupuaa of Manuka open Metrosideros on cinder-scrub vegetation consisting of Machaerina, Coprosma, Styphelia and Vaccinium. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Higashino, P.K. 6237 Hawaii BISH 7/21/1977
61 Cardamine flexuosa With. Honolulu. Greenhouse PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 770 Oahu BISH 2/22/1971
62 Cardamine flexuosa With. woods, kona, hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN mann, h. brigham, w.t. collector number: 311 Hawaii BISH
63 Cardamine flexuosa With. grows in partial shade under building. Kilauea C.C.C. Camp PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fagerlund, G.O. 309 Hawaii BISH 2/10/1943
64 Cardamine flexuosa With. South Kona, Honaunau Forest Reserve, near Kealakekua Ranch On rocky silt, `a`a, in dense shade with ferns and Cyrtandra. Closed Acacia - Metrosideros forest, mixed native understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. 253 Hawaii BISH 3/27/1980
65 Cardamine flexuosa With. Hilo, Baseyard of Div. of Forestry, DLNR, corner of Kilauea and Kawili St.'s Growing in moist ground near water spigot. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. Collector Number: 489 Hawaii BISH 3/6/1981
66 Cardamine flexuosa With. along inner crater walls of puu ahumoa. district of hamakua Growing with Stellaria and grasses at base of Myoporum, along inner walls of crater. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 2441 Hawaii BISH 4/6/1982
67 Cardamine flexuosa With. puna district, land of olaa, volcano transfer dump PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. ishikawa, s. collector number: 5600 Hawaii BISH 12/16/1975
68 Cardamine flexuosa With. east maui, hana district, tr. 17(4), e of ridge in sw kipahulu valley Mesic 'ohi'a forest with other native trees and a native shrub, matted-fern understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. mceldowney, p.h. collector number: frw 2844 Maui BISH 7/20/1980
69 Cardamine flexuosa With. laie Lowland residential roadside area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hoe, w.j. (sub staples iii, g.w.) collector number: 734 Oahu BISH 4/30/1991
70 Cardamine flexuosa With. South Kona, Honaunau Forest Reserve, Kealakekua Ranch Growing on `a`a with ferns and Cyrtandra. Closed Acacia - Metrosideros forest, mixed native understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Corn, C. Collector Number: ESP 159 Hawaii BISH 3/27/1980
71 Cardamine flexuosa With. koolau gap, s east coast Low growing on wet ground in the shade of ferns and grass, in an open area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 1616 Maui BISH 6/12/1970
72 Cardamine flexuosa With. s.hilo district, kulani project Patches of 10 to 200 occasionally encountered in this area, sometimes growing in standing water. Closed Metrosideros forest with Cibotium, Coprosma, Myoporum, Styphelia and Clermontia montis-loa understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN davis, j. collector number: 469 Hawaii BISH 2/26/1980
73 Cardamine flexuosa With. Makanalua Drainage, above old dam In mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hughes, G.D. s.n. Molokai BISH 4/25/1992
74 Cardamine flexuosa With. S.Kona, Honaunau Forest Reserve, Kealakakua Ranch Fairly common, growing on `a`a with ferns and Cyrtandra. Closed Acacia-Metrosideros forest, mixed native understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Corn, C. Collector Number: ESP 159 Hawaii BISH 3/27/1980
75 Cardamine flexuosa With. honolulu. greenhouse PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 770 Oahu BISH 2/22/1971
76 Cardamine flexuosa With. kilauea forest reserve, kau district Growing on muddy ground churned by pigs in closed Acacia koa - Metrosideros - Cibotium forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cuddihy, l.w. state esp team collector number: 219 Hawaii BISH 2/26/1980
77 Cardamine flexuosa With. East Maui, Makawao District, Haiku Uka, Waikamoi Stream, steep, moist bank, edge of thicket All plants from one colony, varying from sun to shade. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 20357 Maui BISH 8/4/1943
78 Cardamine flexuosa With. southwest flank of mauna loa, in the ahupuaa of manuka Primary vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha, Ilex anomala, Gouldia sp., Pelea clusiifolia, Cheirodendron trigynum, and Myrisne lessertiana. Soils are deep and sandy (probably alluvial), with high organic content. They are moderately well-drained over an unknown substrate. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN higashino, p.k. collector number: 6237 Hawaii BISH 7/21/1977
79 Cardamine flexuosa With. Hulopoe Bay, in residential area above Gorwing at edge of lawn along rd. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Collector Number: H40130 Lanai BISH 4/15/2001
80 Cardamine flexuosa With. East Maui, Hana District, Keanae AHU, Tr 5(14), along W fork of Wailuaiki Stream Wet 'ohi'a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Higashino, P.K. 9052 Maui BISH 5/31/1980
81 Cardamine flexuosa With. koa mill, alika homesteads, s. kona dist Growing w/Hesperocnide under a Sophora tree in sandalwood enclosure. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rogers, d.p. et al. collector number: 22483 Hawaii BISH 12/30/1946
82 Cardamine flexuosa With. East Maui, Haiku Uka, Waikamoi Steram, steep moist ban, edge of thicket All plants from one colony, varying from sun to shade. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 20357 Maui BISH 8/4/1943
83 Cardamine flexuosa With. east maui, forest below puuluau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2031 Maui BISH 3/20/1984
84 Cardamine flexuosa With. Kona, Papaalou in the forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 322.H Hawaii BISH 7/15/1911
85 Cardamine flexuosa With. East Maui, Koolau Forest Reserve loose damp gravel under ledge in stream bed. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Harrison, B. 345 Maui BISH 7/22/1973
86 Cardamine flexuosa With. East Maui, Hana District, Tr. 16(10), central Kipahulu Valley, in gulch along streaml off transect Wet 'ohi'a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. In shade. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Higashino, P.K. 9395 Maui BISH 7/21/1980
87 Cardamine flexuosa With. honokahau drainage basin PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 488 Maui BISH 9/25/1917
88 Cardamine flexuosa With. Puu Makaala, upper Olaa Forest reserve, Puna Distr Talll, dense wet forest of Metrosideros, Cibotium, Gouldia, Astelia. Rare of forest floor in sunny areas. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 1874 Hawaii BISH 6/1/1979
89 Cardamine flexuosa With. Keauhou Ranch, Kau District, near Puu oo Trail Growing on floor of closed Metrosideros forest near Pu`u O`o Trail. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. 560 Hawaii BISH 9/12/1980
90 Cardamine flexuosa With. Kilauea Forest Reserve, Kau District Growing on muddy ground churned by pigs in closed Acacia koa - Metrosideros - Cibotium forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. State ESP team Collector Number: 219 Hawaii BISH 2/26/1980
91 Cardamine flexuosa With. north hilo district. laupahoehoe ahu. trail 17(30); east slope of mauna kea; makai of keanakolu rd.; on ridge s. haako st Mesic koa-'ohi'a forest wth other native trees and a native fern and shrub understory. Growing in drained mudhole w/rush sedge. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. collector number: frw 1538 Hawaii BISH 11/17/1977
92 Cardamine flexuosa With. honolulu: manoa valley; university of hawaii manoa campus, mauka field laboratory. (dept. of agronomy and soils.) A weed growing in a greenhouse under the plant benches in areas frequently sprayed by a sprinkler. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lau, j. collector number: 1526 Oahu BISH 10/16/1985
93 Cardamine flexuosa With. east maui, hana district, haiku ahu, tr 6(19), n slope haleakala, koolau forest, growing on a rock in stream bed in gully wet 'ohi'a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. mceldowney, p.h. collector number: frw 2585 Maui BISH 5/31/1980
94 Cardamine flexuosa With. S.Hilo district, Kulani Project PRESERVED_SPECIMEN J. Davis 469 Hawaii HAPI 2/26/1980
95 Cardamine flexuosa With. East Maui, Makawao District, Kalialinui AHU, Tr5(5), N slope of Haleakala, gulch E of transect above West Wailuaiki Stream Wet 'ohi'a forest with other native trees and anative shrub, matted-fern understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Higashino, P.K. 9037 Maui BISH 5/31/1980
96 Cardamine flexuosa With. haleakala, pass n of kuiki Reminent dryland forest on old weathered `a`a lava, in lee of ridge. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 21122 Maui BISH 9/25/1945
97 Cardamine flexuosa With. Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge, Kauai, Hawaii Growing on wet bank between taro fields. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Crago, L.M. 2005-150 Kauai BISH 8/2/2005
98 Cardamine flexuosa With. East Maui, Keanae, growing in Keanae Arboretum Naturalized from Kahului Forestry Nursery. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 1325 Maui BISH 3/26/1982
99 Cardamine flexuosa With. Along inner crater walls of Puu Ahumoa. District of Hamakua Growing with Stellaria and grasses at base of Myoporum, along inner walls of crater. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 2441 Hawaii BISH 4/6/1982
100 Cardamine flexuosa With. Keauhou Ranch, Kau District, near Puu oo Trail Growing on floor of closed Metrosideros forest near Pu`u O`o Trail. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. Collector Number: 560 Hawaii BISH 9/12/1980
101 Cardamine flexuosa With. East Maui, forest below Puuluau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2031 Maui BISH 3/20/1984
102 Cardamine flexuosa With. W Maui, Iao Valley in a narrow gulch bottom east of Nakalaloa Stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 1860 Maui BISH 10/15/1983
103 Cardamine flexuosa With. East Maui, forest below Puuluau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2032 Maui BISH 3/20/1984
104 Cardamine flexuosa With. East Maui, Hana District, Tr. 17(4), E of ridge in SW Kipahulu valley Mesic 'ohi'a forest with other native trees and a native shrub, matted-fern understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 2844 Maui BISH 7/20/1980
105 Cardamine flexuosa With. Haleakala, pass N of Kuiki Shaded stream gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 21122 Maui BISH 9/25/1945
106 Cardamine flexuosa With. Along inner crater walls of Puu Ahumoa. District of Hamakua Growing with Stellaria and grasses at base of Myoporum, along inner walls of crater. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. Collector Number: 2441 Hawaii BISH 4/6/1982
107 Cardamine flexuosa With. east maui, koolau forest reserve loose damp gravel under ledge in stream bed. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN harrison, b. collector number: 345 Maui BISH 7/22/1973
108 Cardamine flexuosa With. Southwest flank of Mauna Loa, in a kipuka, in the ahupuaa of Manuka Vegetation: closed Metrosideros forest on weathered aa, with soil formation, understory consisting of Cibotium, Coprosma, Myoporum, Myrsine and Vaccinium. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Higashino, P.K. 6359 Hawaii BISH 8/6/1977
109 Cardamine flexuosa With. woods of kona hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hillebrand, w.b. Hawaii BISH
110 Cardamine flexuosa With. kona, papaalou in the forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 322.h Hawaii BISH 7/15/1911
111 Cardamine flexuosa With. Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge, Kauai, Hawaii Growing on wet bank between taro fields. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Crago, L.M. Imada, C.; Zaun, B. Collector Number: 2005-150 Kauai BISH 8/2/2005
112 Cardamine flexuosa With. collapsed lava tube, powerline road off saddle road, near pole 27 Growing inside lava tube, within 10 ft of entrance. Assoc. with moss, liverworts, Peperomia cookiana, Carex macloviana, small Cibotium glaucum, Dryopteris paleacea, and Lythrum maritimum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN davis, j. collector number: 915 Hawaii BISH 9/9/1982
113 Cardamine flexuosa With. mt. kaala, roadside near the 1st installation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takeuchi, w.n. pyle, l. collector number: 2090 Oahu BISH 2/16/1985
114 Cardamine flexuosa With. hilo, baseyard of div. of forestry, dlnr, corner of kilauea and kawili st.'s Growing in moist ground near water spigot. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN davis, j. collector number: 489 Hawaii BISH 3/6/1981
115 Cardamine flexuosa With. At Volcano dump PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 5270 Hawaii BISH 2/2/1984
116 Cardamine flexuosa With. east maui, makawao district, haiku uka, waikamoi stream, steep, moist bank, edge of thicket All plants from one colony, varying from sun to shade. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 20357 Maui BISH 8/4/1943
117 Cardamine flexuosa With. Puna District. Olaa Forest Reserve Kulani Trail Wet shaded side of trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 25004 Hawaii BISH 1/28/1953
118 Cardamine flexuosa With. Kau district, Kilauea Forest Reserve Growing on muddy ground churned by pigs in a closed Acacia koa - Metrosideros Cibotium forest. Several plants encountered in only one locality. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. 291 Hawaii BISH 2/26/1980
119 Cardamine flexuosa With. Hulopoe Bay, in residential area above Gorwing at edge of lawn along rd. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H40130 Lanai BISH 4/15/2001
120 Cardamine flexuosa With. puu hualalai, puuwaawaa Soggy, red clay soil PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. coulter, j.w.; hashimoto, e.y.; lindsay, j.c.; mitchell, d.d. collector number: 11391 Oahu BISH 12/29/1931
121 Cardamine flexuosa With. east maui, keanae, growing in keanae arboretum Naturalized from Kahului Forestry Nursery. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 1325 Maui BISH 3/26/1982
122 Cardamine flexuosa With. Laie Presumably a weedy or cultivated species. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hoe, W.J. 734 Oahu BISH 4/30/1991
123 Cardamine flexuosa With. east maui, makawao district, kalialinui ahu, tr 2(6), nw slope of haleakala, e of puu o kakae, between waiohiwi/kahakapo gu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. mceldowney, p.h. collector number: frw 2716 Hawaii BISH 6/27/1980
124 Cardamine flexuosa With. Honokahau Drainage Basin PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 488.M Maui BISH 9/25/1917
125 Cardamine flexuosa With. east maui, forest below puuluau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2032 Maui BISH 3/20/1984
126 Cardamine flexuosa With. Limahuli Valley, Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 59501 Kauai BISH 3/4/1980
127 Cardamine flexuosa With. Kohala Mountains, acess rd. to upper Hamakua ditch just above Waimea reservoir In cow pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 5550 Hawaii BISH 6/24/1985
128 Cardamine flexuosa With. East Maui, Hana District, Haiku AHU, Tr 6(19), N slope Haleakala, Koolau Forest, Growing on a rock in stream bed in gully wet 'ohi'a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 2585 Maui BISH 5/31/1980
129 Cardamine flexuosa With. Windward Koolau Mts, Waiahole Valley, growing along water tunnel entering Uwau Stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 5501 Oahu BISH 12/2/1984
130 Cardamine flexuosa With. east maui, hana district, tr. 16(10), central kipahulu valley, in gulch along streaml off transect PRESERVED_SPECIMEN higashino, p.k. holt, r.a. collector number: 9395 Oahu BISH 7/21/1980
131 Cardamine flexuosa With. S.Kona, Honaunau Forest Reserve, Kealakekua Ranch Fairly common, growing on `a`a with ferns and Cyrtandra. Closed Acacia-Metrosideros forest, mixed native understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Corn, C. ESP 159 Hawaii BISH 3/27/1980
132 Cardamine flexuosa With. Kau district, Kilauea Forest Reserve Growing on muddy ground churned by pigs in a closed Acacia koa - Metrosideros Cibotium forest. Several plants encountered in only one locality. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. State ESP team Collector Number: 291 Hawaii BISH 2/26/1980
133 Cardamine flexuosa With. Haleakala, Koolau Gap Rain Forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wilbur, R.L. 955 Maui BISH 7/2/1948
134 Cardamine flexuosa With. Kahului, Baseyard, maui in humid greenhouse. A prolific weed in the forestry green houses PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 952 Maui BISH 11/4/1980
135 Cardamine flexuosa With. forest below puu oo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 861.h. Hawaii BISH 6/16/1915
136 Cardamine flexuosa With. Hilo, Baseyard of Div. of Forestry, DLNR, corner of Kilauea and Kawili St.'s Growing in moist ground near water spigot. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. 489 Hawaii BISH 3/6/1981
137 Cardamine flexuosa With. rare, along inner crater walls of puu ahumoa. district of hamakua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 2441 Hawaii BISH 4/6/1982
138 Cardamine flexuosa With. limahuli valley, pacific tropical botanical garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 59501 Kauai BISH 3/4/1980
139 Cardamine flexuosa With. Lyon Arboretum. Upper lawn Makai. Around base of palms near gate. Abundant where soil is frequently bared Wet PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Baker, R.F. 79 Oahu BISH 4/25/1975
140 Cardamine flexuosa With. East Maui, Makawao District, Kalialinui AHU, Tr 2(6), NW slope of Haleakala, E of Puu o Kakae, between Waiohiwi/Kahakapo Gu Mesic koa-'ohi' a forest w/other native trees and a native-exotic shrub and grass u/s. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 2716 Maui BISH 6/27/1980
141 Cardamine flexuosa With. kohala mountains, acess rd. to upper hamakua ditch just above waimea reservoir PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. mill, s.w.; lammers, t.; weller, s.; sakai, a.; davis-jacobsen, j. collector number: 5550 Oahu BISH 6/24/1985
142 Cardamine flexuosa With. South Kona, Honaunau Forest Reserve, near Kealakekua Ranch On rocky silt, `a`a, in dense shade with ferns and Cyrtandra. Closed Acacia - Metrosideros forest, mixed native understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. State ESP team Collector Number: 253 Hawaii BISH 3/27/1980
143 Cardamine flexuosa With. southwest flank of mauna loa, in a kipuka, in the ahupuaa of manuka Vegetation: closed Metrosideros forest on weathered aa, with soil formation, understory consisting of Cibotium, Coprosma, Myoporum, Myrsine and Vaccinium. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN higashino, p.k. croft, l.k. collector number: 6359 Hawaii BISH 8/6/1977
144 Cardamine flexuosa With. windward koolau mts, waiahole valley, growing along water tunnel entering uwau stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. obata, j.; takeuchi, w.;et al. collector number: 5501 Oahu BISH 12/2/1984
145 Cardamine flexuosa With. keanae gap PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1000 Maui BISH 8/2/1919
146 Cardamine flexuosa With. kau forest reserve, kau district Growing in damp soil beneath Athyrium sandwichianum and Amauropelta globulifera in open `ohi`a-koa-hapu`u forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cuddihy, l.w. anderson, s. collector number: 937 Hawaii BISH 11/18/1981
147 Cardamine flexuosa With. Central Maui, Kahului, growing abundantly about the forestry nursery in damp ground PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 1874 Maui BISH 12/20/1983
148 Cardamine flexuosa With. grows in partial shade under building. kilauea c.c.c. camp On wind-exposed Metrosideros trunk in Metrosideros-Sadleria forest. Common. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fagerlund, g.o. mitchell, a.l. collector number: 309 Molokai BISH 2/10/1943
149 Cardamine flexuosa With. Puna District, land of Olaa, volcano transfer dump PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 5600 Hawaii BISH 12/16/1975
150 Cardamine flexuosa With. around base of palms near gate. abundant where soil is frequently bared Wet PRESERVED_SPECIMEN baker, r.f. collector number: 79 Oahu BISH 4/25/1975
151 Cardamine flexuosa With. hulopoe bay, in residential area above Gorwing at edge of lawn along rd. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: h40130 Lanai BISH 4/15/2001
152 Cardamine flexuosa With. puu makaala, upper olaa forest reserve, puna distr Talll, dense wet forest of Metrosideros, Cibotium, Gouldia, Astelia. Rare of forest floor in sunny areas. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 1874 Hawaii BISH 6/1/1979
153 Cardamine flexuosa With. south kona, honaunau forest reserve, kealakekua ranch Growing on `a`a with ferns and Cyrtandra. Closed Acacia - Metrosideros forest, mixed native understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN corn, c. collector number: esp 159 Hawaii BISH 3/27/1980
154 Cardamine flexuosa With. Kau Forest Reserve, Kau District Growing in damp soil beneath Athyrium sandwichianum and Amauropelta globulifera in open `ohi`a-koa-hapu`u forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. Anderson, S. Collector Number: 937 Hawaii BISH 11/18/1981
155 Cardamine flexuosa With. makanalua drainage, above old dam In mesic forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hughes, g.d. collector number: s.n. Molokai BISH 4/25/1992
156 Cardamine flexuosa With. east maui, ainahou, koolau gap PRESERVED_SPECIMEN medeiros, a.c. collector number: 470 Lanai BISH 7/22/1983
157 Cardamine flexuosa With. w maui, wainee Acacia-Metrosideros lowland dry to mesic forest. W/ Dodonaea, Leptecophylla tameiameiae, Hibiscus waimeae, Diospyros, Pleomele aurea, Pouteria sandwicensis, Sida fallax, Dianella, Gahnia beecheyi, Leptecophylla, Eragrostis variabillis, Pteridium PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 80 Kauai BISH 5/1/1910
158 Cardamine flexuosa With. Forest below Puu Oo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 861.H. Hawaii BISH 6/16/1915
159 Cardamine flexuosa With. Collapsed lava tube, Powerline Road off Saddle Road, near pole 27 Growing inside lava tube, within 10 ft of entrance. Assoc. with moss, liverworts, Peperomia cookiana, Carex macloviana, small Cibotium glaucum, Dryopteris paleacea, and Lythrum maritimum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. 915 Hawaii BISH 9/9/1982
160 Cardamine flexuosa With. Kokee State Park. Mohihi Road along Waineke Swamp. Very weedy area with numerous naturalized plants. Very weedy area along Waineke Swamp. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 2719 Kauai PTBG 3/28/1988
161 Cardamine flexuosa With. along inner crater walls of puu ahumoa, district of hamakua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. nagata 2441 MU 4/6/1982
162 Cardamine flexuosa With. Kokee State Park. DOFAW nursery. Lawn area around greenhouse. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 6784 Kauai PTBG 3/7/2001
163 Cardamine flexuosa With. Kokee State Park, J. Plews residence. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 1159 Kauai PTBG 7/31/1985
164 Cardamine flexuosa With. Lawai Valley. PTBG. Across from Pump 6 near gas pumps. Semi-moist location. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Jan Whitaker s.n. Kauai PTBG
165 Cardamine flexuosa With. Kokee State Park. Mohihi Road near Waineke Swamp. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 975 Kauai PTBG 12/28/1984
166 Cardamine flexuosa With. Kuia drainage, below north fork of upper headwater. Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest with patches of diverse mesic. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 8401 Kauai PTBG 4/21/2000
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